Jared Slaybaugh
Mr. Haskell
World History/E-Core
5 February 2004
Chapter 27 Outline
(WWI Outline)
I. The Stage is Set
A. Pressure for Peace
1. the late 1800s and the early 1900s saw serious efforts to end the scourge of war
2. Organizations such as the womens international League for peace and freedom gave women a right to voice their concerns.
3. Governments backed Peace efforts as well.
B. Aggressive Nationalism
1. Nationalism can be a positive force, blinding together A nations people.
2. Nationalism was strong in both Germany and in France.
3.
3. Franco Prussian War.
C. Economic Imperial Rivalries
1. The economic rivalries positioned themselves in the international atmosphere.
2. The imperialism divided many European countries.
3. Germany wanted to keep France from imposing a protectorate.
D. Military and the Arms Race
1. The late 1800s saw the rise in Militarism which also means the glorification of the Military
2. The rise of the military grew partly out of ideas of Social Darwinism.
3. The arms Race was the fight to expand their armies.
E. A tangle of Alliances
1. During these times a lot of countries had contracts with other countries.
2. Because the other country wanted to go to war, the other country would have to go with them.
3. The other countries were not ready for war and this creates the tangle of Alliances.
II. The Guns of August
A. A murder with Millions of Victims
1. on a spring nigh, a small group of young revolutionaries huddled around a café table in Belgrade, Serbia.
2. The Serbians were not happy about what actually happened and that was all.
3. Among the group was a youth of 19 named Gavrilo Princip.
B. Peace Unravels
1. News of his Nephews assassination shocked the gaining Austrian Emperor, Francis Joseph.
2. Austria sent Serbia a sweeping ultimatum, or final set of demands to avoid war, said the ultimatum, Serbia must end all anti-Austrian agitation and punish any Serbian official plot.
3. A war between a major power and a small Balkan state might have been another summer war, like most European wars of the past century.
C. Whose Fault?
1. How could an assassination lead to all out war in just a few weeks.
2. that is because that was not the cause of the war.
3. this was the camel string that broke its back.
III. A New Kind of Conflict
A. The Western Front
1. as the war began, German forces swept through Belgium toward Paris.
2. The western front used Trench Warfare or like burrows.
3. An underground network linked bunkers, communications trenches, and gun emplacements.
B. Other European Fronts
1. on the eastern front, battle lines swayed back and forth, sometimes other large areas.
2. In August 1914, Russian Armies Pushed into eastern Germany.
3. Southeastern Europe was another battleground.
C. The War Beyond Europe
1. though most of the fighting took place in Europe, WWI was a global conflict.
2. European colonies were drawn into the struggle of the war.
3. People in the colonies had mixed feelings about serving.
IV. Winning the War
A. Effects of the Stalemate
1. As the Struggle wore on, Nations Realized that a modern, mechanized war required the total commitment of their whole Society.
2. Early on, both sides set up systems to recruit, arm, transport, and supply armies that numbered in the millions.
3. Propaganda is always a big part of the country winning the complete support of the country.
B. Women at War
1. women played a major part in the total war.
2. Millions of women were fight the war in the kitchen and nursing the sick and wounded.
3. Through all of that, some women became national heroes
C. Collapsing Morale
1. By 1917, the morale of both troops and civilians had plunge. Germany was sending 15 year old recruits.
2. Three years of war had hit Russia especially hard because it ended up bringing down the Monarchy.
3. At first, the allies welcomed the overthrow of the czar, but then the bad leader Stalin took over, but that was much farther ahead.
D. The United States Declares War.
1. Soon after the Russian Revolution began, however, another event altered the balance of forces.
2. One Major Reason was because German submarine attacks on merchant and passenger ships carrying American citizens.
3. In May 1915, a German submarine torpedoed the British.
E. Campaign to Victory
1. A final showdown got underway in early 1918.
2. In early March, the Germans launched a huge offensive that pushed the allies back 40 miles by July.
3. The new German government sought an armistice, or agreement to end fighting, with the allies.
V. Making the Peace
A. The Coasts of War
1. The human and material costs of the war were staggering. more than 8.5 million people were dead.
2. In the battle zones from Grace to Russia, homes, farms, Factories, roads, and churches had been shelled into rubble.
3. Unrest also swept throughout Europes colonial empire.
B. The Paris Peace Conference
1. To a weary and angry world, Woodrow Wilson seemed a symbol of hope.
2. Wilson was one of three strong personalities who dominated the Paris Peace Conference.
3. The other allies had different aims. The British Prime Minister, David Lloyd George.
C. The Treaties of Versailles
1. In June 1919, the peacemakers summoned representatives of the new German republic to the palace of Versailles outside Paris.
2. The treaty also imposed huge reparations that would put an already damaged German economy under a Staggering.
3. Other Clauses were aimed at weakening Germany.
D. Other Settlements
1. The allies drew up separate treaties with the other Central powers. These Treaties redrew the map of the Eastern Europe.
2. The new republics Czechoslovakia, Austrian, and Hungary rose in the old Hapsburg heartland.
3. However, the leaders at Paris Applied the Principle of self determination only to parts of Europe.
